$A$ diver looking up through the water sees the outside world contained in a circular horizon. The refractive index of water is $\frac{4}{3}$,and the diver's eyes are $15 \, cm$ below the surface of water. Then the radius of the circle is

There is a small source of light at some depth below the surface of water (refractive index $= 4/3$) in a tank of large cross-sectional surface area. Neglecting any reflection from the bottom and absorption by water,the percentage of light that emerges out of the surface is (nearly) ..........$\%$. [Use the fact that the solid angle subtended by a cone of semi-vertical angle $\theta$ is $\Omega = 2\pi(1 - \cos\theta)$]

$A$ spider and a fly are on opposite sides of the surface of a glass sphere. What is the maximum solid angle $\Omega$ within which the fly can be seen by the spider?
Given: The dimensions of the spider and the fly are very small with respect to the sphere. The refractive index of the glass is $\mu_g = \sqrt{2}$.

The relation between the critical angles of water and glass is:

$A$ ray of light is incident normally on one face of a right-angled isosceles prism. It then grazes the hypotenuse. The refractive index of the material of the prism is

The critical angle of light passing from glass to air is minimum for which wavelength?